The European Union (EU) has officially packed its bags and closed the door on the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). On…
In Montauk Metals v Colombia, an ICSID tribunal has recently rendered its Award on 7 June 2024, finding that Colombia…
The international framework for refugee protection, codified primarily in the 1951 Refugee Convention, its Optional Protocol, and the Draft Articles…
Modern slavery remains a largely unseen and unaddressed crime, often hidden in plain sight. When most people think of “slavery”,…
The Agreement on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement), adopted…
Coast guards and other maritime law enforcement agencies (LEA) are authorised by public mandate to enforce law and order at…
In a world heavily controlled by men, it is no surprise that women’s rights have been slow to develop under…
EU’s shift to geopolitical power from normative In his famous 2002 article, Ian Manners claimed that when acting externally as…
Climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) generation are global concerns, imposing an erga omnes obligation (para 33) on States to…
In Investor-State arbitration, argumentation regarding human rights and environmental protection has been controversial. This tension between investment law and human…