The European Union (EU) has officially packed its bags and closed the door on the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). On…
In Montauk Metals v Colombia, an ICSID tribunal has recently rendered its Award on 7 June 2024, finding that Colombia…
Climate change and greenhouse gas (GHG) generation are global concerns, imposing an erga omnes obligation (para 33) on States to…
In Investor-State arbitration, argumentation regarding human rights and environmental protection has been controversial. This tension between investment law and human…
Introduction This week, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) delivered its highly anticipated Advisory Opinion requested…
Introduction In the landmark case of Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v Switzerland, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR),…
Introduction Within the general obligation to ensure the free and full exercise of rights recognized by the American Convention on…
On the 19th of September 2023, Ukraine declared that it would be filing a complaint at the WTO against Slovakia, Hungary and Poland after all three…
Introduction Climate pledges are an ever growing means for committing to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2030-2040. Although climate pledges could…
The judgment handed down by the UK Supreme Court (UKSC) in October 2020 in Enka v Chubb was regarded as a seminal…