Background In December 2015, the Italian government enacted Law No. 208/2015, banning offshore hydrocarbon production within 12 nautical miles of…
The Decision on Jurisdiction, Liability and Directions on Quantum in Eco Oro v Colombia (Liability Decision) was rendered by an…
The European Union (EU) has officially packed its bags and closed the door on the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). On…
In Montauk Metals v Colombia, an ICSID tribunal has recently rendered its Award on 7 June 2024, finding that Colombia…
In Investor-State arbitration, argumentation regarding human rights and environmental protection has been controversial. This tension between investment law and human…
On the 19th of September 2023, Ukraine declared that it would be filing a complaint at the WTO against Slovakia, Hungary and Poland after all three…
Introduction The death of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has sparked many conversations on decolonization,…
Introduction With heightened global scrutiny pertaining to environmental issues and domestic policy reforms, environment-related counterclaims have been on the rise.…
The world of international tax is witnessing a historical moment, mainly characterised by the proposal to adopt a global minimum…
On 24 May 2023, Justice Fraser issued a comprehensive judgment in Infrastructure Services Luxembourg v Kingdom of Spain, rejecting Spain’s defences…