Treaty interpretation would be so much easier if we all spoke the same language. According to the Biblical story, once…
The ICSID Convention and the Vienna Convention live a complicated relationship. The Vienna Convention plays (or is meant to play) a key…
The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) was perhaps the most important product of the International Law Commission’s 75 years…
Since it was adopted in 1969, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) has come to be widely regarded as…
On 2 September 2021, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) issued the much-awaited judgement in the Komstroy…
During their very first years of statehood, modern Latvia and Lithuania confronted the urgent need to determine the borderline between…
The green economy framework, contained in such instruments as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (‘UNFCCC’) and the…
Environmental treaty obligations are regularly invoked by investment tribunals; statistically, from 2012 to 2015, environmental considerations were invoked 65 times…
The existence of an investment gives an ICSID tribunal jurisdiction ratione materiae. To ascertain its existence, an ICSID tribunal may…
Consolidation and joinder of arbitration proceedings and parties in international arbitration are powerful tools for case management. Globalization has fostered…